Media Criticism

Getting the right scope of a television program enables it to penetrate the viewing habits of the audiences. Since the complete line up of ideas and program formats are intended to satisfy the viewers, it would be appropriate to input program and story aspects according to the currently accepted social situation. In line with this, viewing a previously run TV show may provide a great sense of nostalgia especially for the people who have experienced watching it in the past. The â€Å"old school† TV program chosen for this article is Charlie’s Angels. Apparently, this program was considered to be one of the pioneers in providing the viewers satisfying and exciting storylines back in the 1970’s. If the program format is to be identified with the aspect of postmodernism, then it can easily fit in that category, simply because of the fact that the ideology and the events of most episodes reflect the criterion of a post modernist era. Some of the best ways to recognize the philosophy of post modernism in the show is by identifying how the characters and the plot of each episode interacted with one another. One very clear aspect of a modernly patterned theme of Charlie’s Angels may be recognized on the type of empowerment given to women. Since in the past, women are looked below the standards of the society, the show was able to inhibit the previous notion of not letting women enter any types of physical activities especially those of which that induce masculinity factor. It can be seen in most episodes that the three lady characters were always set to complete missions that were clearly identified for men. Another very good example of modernism aspect in the show is the introduction of different things and objects for the purpose of assisting the missions of the protagonists. The then modern technology played an important role in providing the audiences some fresh ideas on how science has ultimately changed the tasks of ordinary people. Different devices, gadgets and instruments were all part of the Charlie’s Angles missions. Apart from the post modernism structure of the show, Charlie’s Angels also induces a very huge aspect of nostalgia. Even for younger people during those times, the concept of having a TV show regularly viewed have already introduced some great memories for them to be always cherished. The way the main actresses dressed, the simple yet unique materials they used and even the musical score or theme song of the program all play an important part in bringing good memories of the show in the present time. Nostalgia is referred to as an emotional or mental condition in which a person feels a longing of the past’s observed matters. For Charlie’s Angels, this type of emotional attachment can be felt especially for those people who were so dearly attached to the program. Patiently waiting for the next episode to be broadcasted was a part of their lives, giving a sense of affection even to the main characters of the program. In today’s generation of Television programs on the other hand, post-modernism can still be observed. For example, the TV series The Amazing Race provides some very good factors in which the modern era of showcasing different concepts in broadcasting may be observed. Looking at the complete structure of the program, one may easily identify how it already embodies the current social structure of the human population. Since it is a reality program, it has already stabilized its approach on what post-modernism really is-the general and non-alignment to a hierarchical format of presentation (Wikipedia, 2007). Obviously, The Amazing Race do not follow a particular script and depend all of the program’s events according to the way the contestant’s and their surroundings interact with each other. Everything is to be observed in relative to the person (contestants) who build the program structure. The modern day individual tend to be more adaptive to his surroundings as depicted in the TV program. Although there is the essence of teamwork, each of the people involved has his own decision making power and may sometimes even contradict the decision of other members. One more attribute about the post-modernism aspect of the show is readily evident on the freedom of the producer and the director to choose the type of sequence they want to shoot for the purpose of immersing the audience in the program. Since the budgetary aspects are independent of the terms of large Hollywood outfits, modern process of instilling one’s creativity to the program will directly affect its viewers. Overall, The Amazing Race is a complete replica of Charlie’s Angles in terms of a liberated approach in entertainment. Both programs diverted away from the normal custom of producing shows based on the conservative structure of past generations of society. The acceptance of post modernism ideas is somehow controversial on the part of the social analyst’s perception. Since the philosophy reflect the outcome of events after the Second World War, it can’t be justified whether such philosophy is an independent one or basically a form of thinking based on the overall flow of past history. One thing is certain; post modernism’s definition of philosophy is evident even in today’s media. References Wikipedia. 2007. Postmodernism. Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 10, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernism.

Inquirer is the leading broadsheet in the Philippines Essay

Inquirer is the leading broadsheet in the Philippines. In 2001, it launched Libre, a free tabloid distributed in the MRT-LRT area. It was an unprecedented move of a major daily giving away their newspaper on weekdays and recovering cost solely from advertising revenue. Visit the MRT-LRT site and discuss and explain your answers to the following: Background: Inquirer Libre (Inquirer Free) is a free, bilingual (Filipino and English) tabloid published in the Philippines. It is published by the Philippine Daily Inquirer and is considered a trimmed-down version of the Philippine Daily Inquirer that is distributed on public transport. It is available in all stations of LRT, MRT and PNR, WGA Eva Macapagal Port in Metro Manila, as well as selected branches of McDonald’s. Unlike other Philippine tabloids, Inquirer Libre seeks to provide commuters access to decent, useful and meaningful news and current events. The income generated from distributing Inquirer Libre comes from advertising. a.What was the underserved and unserved market Inquirer was trying to tap? Underserved – used to describe a place, market, etc. where fewer goods and services are available than there should be. Unserved – there is totally no goods and services available for the people. Answer: A. The Inquirer created first a market niches that identified the needs or wants of the target market that were poorly addressed or not at all by their competitors. These niches showed them the underserved and unserved market which was composed of the commuters of the MRT-LRT stations with 500, 000 average commuters per day, even greater than its intended capacity. It’s a very diversed public which includes students, office clerks, professionals, etc. who rode trains everyday in their way to school, work, and their destinations. This people were always in a hurry and therefore have no time to read the news. Their age ranges from 18-40 years old. B. There are many management concepts to choose from. For instance, core  competency espouses that the company’s assets or strengths be the unit of analysis while industry analysis advocates that competition be the unit of analysis. Then there is also market-driven strategy that promotes customers in the center of strategy while market-driving strategy focuses on underserved and unserved markets as unit of analysis for strategy. A popular concept, Blue Ocean Strategy, is considered a subset of market-driving strategy since it entails two additional requirements, other than new demand, that of creating differentiation and being low-cost. One critique about contemporary marketing practitioners is that they are actually market-driven strategists, who may not fully understand the principles, frameworks and concepts of market-driving strategy to grow the brand and the business long-term, hence, their tools are often short-term, brand switching tactics, designed to gain market shares. If the company’s reward system is aligned with desired strategic thinking, then market penetration, in addition to market shares, would have to be imposed by management as part of its key result areas. Without a market-driving strategy, a marketing plan focusing solely on the served market is incomplete as it risks losing the underserved or unserved markets, many times, even bigger than the current served customers. In Mansmith and Fielders Inc., market-driving strategy is defined as embracing innovative changes in the logic of industry and business system to grow its profit and industry’s demand from underserved and unserved markets. The goal is not incremental but strategic growth and has three different levels: level 1 is about a major change in value proposition more than a major change in business system; level 2 is about a major change in business system more than a major change in value proposition; while level 3 is about a major change in value proposition coupled with a major change in business system. Selecta ice cream by Walls is an example of level 1 market-driving strategy. Selecta is the dominant brand of ice cream in the Philippines, but it was not so a few years ago, as it was neck-to-neck with Nestle. Problematic with declining industry demand, the marketers went on to ask mothers what  they liked to serve during birthdays and what they actually served. The result of their insighting led them to launch Selecta’s 3-in-1 ice cream, combining three of the favorite ice cream flavors in a tub at an affordable price. With this huge success that turned around shrinking industry demand, they even extended to four flavors with 3-in-1 plus 1, wanting to own the term â€Å"3-in-1.† Meantime, Nestle was not able to immediately respond with the new value proposition of Selecta, as they did not have the technology to do 3-in-1. Mothers were happy they were able to serve what they really liked to serve, children were happy with each of their favorite flavors, while fathers were happy too with a cost-saving solution, improving not just company’s sales but also industry demand in the process, attracting many lapsed customers to return. Waters Philippines is an example of level 2 market-driving strategies where there is a major change in the business system more than the value proposition. (Disclaimer: Waters Philippines is owned by the author.) It markets Waters Bio Mineral Pot, a premium home water purifier—mineralizer—alkaline maker that is leader in its segment. Waters used to be sold in appliance and other retail stores on cash basis in the late ’80s and early ’90s; however, its growth was constrained with its inability to explain the product features and benefits of the high end products in stores. This led to stores requiring them to go on promotional sale, with the additional problem of the fixed cost of hiring its own promo girls and the automatic termination of these promo girls in five months just when their competency is peaking. Waters then decided to create its own independent direct sales force who were able to go direct to the customers (instead of waiting for them to go to the retail stores) to promote the product, backed with installment plans that nearly matches what consumers typically pay monthly for water delivered by their water refill stations. The installment plans allowed more affordability for the consumers while enhancing the business opportunity for its sales network. Today, Waters Philippines is expanding to Indonesia to tap into a bigger combined market. Inquirer Libre is an example of level 3 market-driving strategy, which saw a major change in value proposition coupled with a major change in business system. As the leading broadsheet in the Philippines, Inquirer wanted to broaden its readership base to include younger consumers, so in November  2001, it launched Inquirer Libre. The Inquirer’s mother brand gave the new tabloid-size newspaper immediate credibility among its train riders. Libre (meaning â€Å"free† in English) is a complimentary morning daily that is heavy in entertainment and with a lot of light, human interest articles designed to be read in 15 minutes. Instead of selling the newspaper, it gave away Libre for free. Instead of tapping newspaper dealers, it went straight to consumers by way of self-service pick-up stations, hence, avoiding traditional trade margins and sales returns (after all, it’s a free paper). Instead of showing half naked women targeting blue-collar workers, it decided to be a wholesome paper targeting the young white-collar workers. Hence, instead of the usual readers in their 30s to 40s, Libre readers are mostly in their 20s not known to be newspaper buyers. This is an example of category point-of-entry marketing that will eventually turn some of the current Libre readers to broadsheet readers in the future. As can be seen from above, the three levels of market-driving strategy help companies think strategically, looking beyond the value proposition to include their value chain—instead of plainly being better, it strives to innovate by being different. C. Many tabloids in the country have been operating for a long time on a formula of scandalous attention-grabbing headlines and photos of sexy girls on the front page. One tabloid, Inquirer Libre, decided to take a different route. Using market-driving strategies,Inquirer Libre presented its product differently while targeting a new market. As explained by marketing guru Josiah Go of Mansmith and Fielders, Inc., market-driving strategies, the latest buzzword in market orientation, call for a breaking of the rules and changing the value proposition or business system or both to grow profit and demand from new and marginal customers. (See previous post here.) Inquirer Libre is a morning tabloid featuring short news and feature articles that can be read in 15 minutes. However, Go points out that unlike the other tabloids, it is given for free at MRT stations. There are no photos of naked women; the total package is wholesome. The target market consists of office people in their 20s and 30s on their way to work. â€Å"Instead of tapping the  traditional newspaper dealers, Libre’s new channel is in the various train stations. This means no dealer trade margin and no sales returns,† says Go. Inquirer Libre also has a classified ads page that runs every Thursday, a new reason for the target market to read it. As a result of the market-driving strategies (give it out for free, go wholesome, go direct to the market at train stations, offer classifieds), Inquirer Libre is the leading free tabloid in Metro Manila and hit its ROI fast. Are you looking for a way to survive the cut-throat competition? Market-driving strategies may be the answer. A TOTAL of three—that was the number of enrollees R. A. Gapuz Review Center (RAGRC) had back in 1994 when they opened, offering review classes for those taking government board exams. But this did not deter founder Ray Gapuz from persevering in his then newly established business. Nowadays, their number of enrollees are in the thousands, so much so, that review and coaching sessions have to be scheduled in hotel ballrooms, mall cinemas and even big events places such as the Philippine International Convention Center and Araneta Coliseum. And get this—review classes are also beamed via satellite to other venues in the country. Of course, online review courses are also offered. Today RAGRC is the market leader among nursing review centers, getting the lion’s share of 40 percent of the market among 55 documented review centers, according to its website. Just how did RAGRC succeed? Josiah Go, marketing guru and chairman of Mansmith and Fielders, Inc., points to market-driving strategies applied by the company. â€Å"Market-driving strategies define how a firm will embrace innovative changes in the industry logic and business system to grow its profit and industry’s demand from marginal and non-customers,† says Go. To do this, innovations may be implemented in the value proposition (what the company may offer customers), the business system, or both. Here are steps RAGRC took to succeed: 1. Give a new value proposition by: – Offering an intensive 10-day review course at 8 hours a day aside from the traditional 6-month review course at 3 times a week. The shorter review course allows nursing graduates to find work while providing RAGRC faster turnaround. – Holding review classes in hotels and malls instead of cramped classrooms. – Presenting the curriculum according to diseases regardless of age to remove any duplication encountered when doing  it by specialization. This is well appreciated by the reviewees. 2. Innovate the business system by: – Going high tech and livening up review classes by holding it game show style and offering stimulating card games as reinforcement. This prevents boredom from setting in. Market-driving strategies are all about changing the rules of the game in order to attract new demand. They may just be what your company needs to be profitable and stay profitable. Josiah Go is conducting a seminar dubbed â€Å"Market-Driving Strategies: Executive Workout† on June 25-26 in Makati City and on July 14-15 in Cebu City. E-mail info@mansmith.net for details.

Business Model Concept

Model in business is a precise and clear way in which a company can generate profit or revenues. Due to the technology change and advance in communication has put customers in a variety of choice. Competitiveness and efficient has contributed to managers employing the business model to provide better product and services. The business model is a way of analyzing data and evidence presented to prove how they can increase the value of their customer (Peris-Ortiz, 2016). Type of product determines the criteria in company choose a business model. Additionally, the model determines how a company goes about sales and marketing strategies including pricing, sales channel, potential partners, and branding. However, produce a super average profit and sustainable competitive advantage, business should excel in both business model design and product innovation (Fields, 2016). Business model differs from one company to another; because of companies offering differing products (Piperopoulos, 2012 ). The main aim of a company is to generate high-profit margin. For instance, the mobile industry might decide to sell the mobile at a low price, and then they will generate revenues from the sales of recharge card. Due to global economy development, the company has changed the relationship between the customers and suppliers (Rainey, 2010). This essay aims to explain and provide a discussion of value creation and appropriation and innovation process at firms. The business model is how a company makes, delivers, and gets value in the social, cultural and economic environment (Baden-Fuller and Morgan, 2010, P.161). Theoretically, a company comprises core aspects including trading practices, strategies, infrastructure, targeting customers, purpose, operational policies, organizational structures, and business process. In a theoretical perspective, design logical is a process of changing organization management to get profit. â€Å"Managers were interviewed, and also various literature was conducted to understand what comprises business model† (George and Bock, 2012).In this design logic, it explains how the managers can view and explain business modeling. The relevant studies show how managers create a strong narrative study on how to move the business from one point to another. If the stories are incoherent, the business will fail (George and Bock, 2012). Companies create value by their products in the stable market. Suppliers set up and capture value by introducing their product to a competitive market price (Ruzzier et al., 2014).The law of demand and supply states that vendors are ready to provide their product to market if demand is high and therefore recording high-profit margin. On another side, the customers will buy the product if the price is less than utility yielded (Ruzzier et al., 2014). Innovation occurs due to technology change (Rainey, 2010). The ability of value is capturing; the firm must embrace new business modeling. The technology that does not match with new business modeling is meant to fail (Piperopoulos, 2012). The history shows that innovation will fail if the market system does not offer quality at good prices and also compelling value. On the contrary, small business does not require business modeling change (Zott and Amit, 2010). Therefore expanding the market share and segment one can achieve innovation; helps to create new business models will further create a new organization. Innovation process cannot make sense without the process of innovation of products and services. For instances, the Google, e-bays, and Apple: embraced new business models due to advancement in technology (Ruzzier et al., 2014). Apparently, designing efficient business models require one to have an in-depth knowledge about various items including market research, availability of the intelligent system and Innovation point of view (Chesbrough, 2010, p.355). The business model is worthy if the system is dynamic.Therefore contributes to the success of the firm. Business modeling is all about organizing value chain. However, it shows also the value capturing importance (Teece, 2010, p.176). Hybrid framework of business model  Ã‚  Ã‚   Importance of business model in value creation Perception of the business concept, antecedents, then consequences Clarity in the business model and innovation The first quadrant represents a clear understanding of the business concept`s conceptualization. There is also conceptual of antecedences and its consequences. It focuses on academic rather than practical oriented. This quadrant shows the essence of the concept, whereby academic journals published mainly in the English language. The second quadrant shows the established business for an existing technology like automobile industries. There are openness and clarity to external environment and technology innovation. .in order to further understand this quadrant, (Daimler AG (‘Car2Go’) and Volkswagen AG (‘Quicar’) have developed an approach to car sharing. The third quadrant examines the efficiency and novelty lock-in centered designs (Amit & Zott, 2001). Automated electronics industries in Germany such as control systems, electric drives, measurement and testing equipment and finally electric drives (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.218). The fourth quadrant takes most dynamic aspect. It focuses on content, structure or governance.it represents the new to the technology. Quadrant identifies the element of business model change. (Berglund and sandstorm, 2013, p.280). Another importance issue worth discussing is that complementary in finding the business partner. When finding a business partner, Managers should make sure that value drivers of partnering business; can only be achieved by analyzing their business model (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.218). According to Zott and Amit (2009) considers themes design and content design as important in business model design. Design content refers to examining to greater details actions completed, and finally sequencing the operations and looking for someone to perform. Themes design is the dominant value of the system in value creation. Basing on the above, Zott and Amit (2009) views the business model as two market choices: differentiation and cost leadership (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.219).Design themes include company description and modeling: targeting segment, the channel of distribution, partner network, value appropriation, customer relationship, revenue model and cost structuring (Zhang, 2009). Building on the same literature argument, a business can be conceptualized as series of dependent events forming business and then expanding its borders. The designer of action systems needs to check design themes and design elements (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.220). For a new entrepreneur, the business model is vital while for already existing firms, their managers will have difficult tasks to change a new one (Fields, 2016). These dependent events are performed or done by the leaders integrate organization activities to form business activity system. Value appropriation depends on the way competitors put pressure to the choice of business modeling manager as chosen (Berglund and sandstorm, 2013, p.277).The pricing strategies are related to product design while revenue design compliments the model layout. Conceptualization of business is the set of activities. First, business systems enable addressing of all vitals issues. Managers and academic languages have conceptual tools on how to engage in a proper manner (Zott et al., 2011, p.1025). Another point is that activity system enables firms not to think about product activity, but help in the holistic system is thinking about the business model (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.218).  Ã‚   Zara is a retail enterprise in Spain which has an excellent thoughtful of the business model. Conceptualization in the business activities enables more of further theoretical development. Even though there is little devotion in the world of business management literature, scholars have been unable to put together the relationship between team activities, individual actions, and performance of business model to come up with activity system (Zott et al., 2011, p.1020). The operation system could crucial in developing old and current business model, improve on predictive business design model. To conclude, this essay has addressed some significant issues regarding business model. Managers must be considerate to an external and internal environment surrounding the firm. The companies should know what their customers want, where and when. Activity system is vital in the development of new and old business model. Zott and Amit’s (2010) contribution to this essay is highly significant. Zott and Amit work explains largely on Business modeling, business as an activity and innovation in respect to the business model design. Baden-Fuller, C., & Morgan, M. S. (2010). Business models as models. Long range planning, 43(2), 156-171.   Berglund, H., & Sandstrà ¶m, C. (2013). Business model innovation from an open systems perspective: structural challenges and managerial solutions. International Journal of Product Development, 18(3-4), 274-285. Chesbrough, H. (2010). Business model innovation: opportunities and barriers. Long range planning, 43(2), 354-363. Fields, Z. (2016). Incorporating business models and strategies into social entrepreneurship. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. George, G., & Bock, A. J. (2012). Models of opportunity: How entrepreneurs design firms to achieve the unexpected. Cambridge University Press. .Peris-Ortiz, M., & Sahut, J. (2016). New challenges in entrepreneurship and finance examining the prospects for sustainable business development, performance, innovation, and economic growth. Cham: Springer International. Piperopoulos, P. G. (2012). Entrepreneurship, innovation and business clusters. Farnham: Gower. Rainey, D. L. (2010). Sustainable business development: inventing the future through strategy, innovation, and leadership. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ruzzier, M. K., Ruzzier, M., & Hisrich, R. D. (2014). Marketing for Entrepreneurs and SMEs A Global Perspective. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long range planning, 43(2), 172-194. Zhang, X. (2009). Values, expectations, ad hoc rules, and culture emergence in international cross-cultural management contexts. New York: Nova Science . Zott, C., & Amit, R. (2010). Business model design: an activity system perspective. Long range planning, 43(2), 216-226. Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2011). The business model: recent developments and future research. Journal of management, 37(4), 1019-1042.

Week 7 Discussion Question 2 Retained Earnings Assignment

Week 7 Discussion Question 2 Retained Earnings - Assignment Example Items contained in this section are usually complex to various audiences (Greiner, 2002). To prepare a balance sheet that serves its purpose, accountants should make orderly arrangement of items contained in the section according to people’s knowledge. For instance, entries in the section should correspond to easily identifiable items (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010). Accountants should also refrain from using complex terminologies when creating entries for the section. 2. Evaluate what a cumulative loss in the retained earnings section of a company’s balance sheet might indicate about the financial performance in the future, indicating how this may influence decisions made about the company. Provide support for your answer. The retained earnings section indicates a company’s success through a comparison of its income and expenses. Cumulative loss in the retained earning section indicates poor performance of the company (Greiner, 2002). This implies that the company is not creating sufficient net profit to cater for its losses. In addition cumulative loses also indicate postponed payments to the company’s creditors. This indicates that the company is operating on borrowed credit and, therefore at risk of

Reflection on Miscue Analysis and Retrospective Miscue Analysis and Essay

Reflection on Miscue Analysis and Retrospective Miscue Analysis and Assessment and Evaluation of Reading and Writing Courses - Essay Example Learning about the different forms of assessments have affected both my teaching and my learning drastically. Instead of looking for errors, I learned to always focus on my student's strengths when assessing his/her reading and writing as it helps determine their week points and point where evaluation or support is required. The course has provided different learning opportunities to support this development. Being that reading and writing are language and thinking processes, LYST 240 has shown the importance for me as a teacher to have patience while I document change and assess the literacy growth of our students. Patience is important as it takes quite some time to develop a child through language and literacy process. I need to give my students time to adjust to ideas, experiment with them, explore with them, take risks, make mistakes, solve reading and writing problems, and make discoveries. LYST 240 has guided and encouraged me to critically examine the constructs of assessments and evaluation in terms of social contexts. I have two resources that I consider critical for my learning in this course. First, is Denny Taylor's Learning Denied (date). This book has helped me to really think about the ramifications of testing practices, their effects on the students and labeling them. The second is in the LYST 200a. Our students, like the apprentice wood crafters, spend most of their days with us. They are watching and carving and learning from our examples. The priests are like the teachers and school administrators who carry out the testing.LYST 240 has given me the opportunity to articulate my ideas and understandings, uncover assumptions and negotiate with others in class both in small and whole group discussions, which were both engaging and challenging. Okay, there's a lot in this sentence that needs to be developed. What are your ideas and understandings about assessment and evaluation What assumptions did you uncover And I want to know how the discussions were both engaging and challenging.  

Results presentation and discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Results presentation and discussion - Essay Example However, the difference in the distance travelled by the 3 phages shows that type IV PILI is needed for infection. PAO1 travelled the greatest distance close to 2.5 cm while CHA (27641) travelled the least distance. In order to determine if the results (distances moved) obtained in the laboratory correlates or relate to what other researchers have found in the past, one sample T-Test was used. The output results below (table 2) show that the p value is less than 0.05. This means that there is a statistically significant difference between the value obtained in the previous researches and the one got in this study. The spot assay was done to establish whether one phage is more infective than another. This is in terms of a broader host range. Basing on the table 2 below, it is observed that Phage 2 and 3 infect closely the same strains of P. aeruginosa. The strains infected by the two are PAO1, PAK, AA2, AA43, AMT0060.1, CHA (27641), IST27N, and AMT0060.3. Phage 4 is different in the strains it infects which could be caused by a difference in its progeny as compared to phages 1 & 2 therefore giving it a disadvantage. The presence of a spot in the spot assay showed that the phage can infect the P. aeruginosastrain by horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, from the results, phage 2 and 3 had a higher infective power. Strains that include IST27MUC NN2 AND AMT0023-30 are resistant to all the three phages. This is mainly due to their genome which makes them resistant to the infection. The source of the strain is also significant in determining its properties and whether it will be infected. The strain s from children are more susceptible to infection compared to that from adults (Burns et al. 2000). According to figure 1 above, it is observed that phage3 has a greater infective power, followed by phage2 and phage 4 has the least infective power. It is also seen that Phage 2 has 53%, phage 3 has 73 % and phage 4 has 33%. Plaque assays

Implementation of ERP systems in health care sector Term Paper

Implementation of ERP systems in health care sector - Term Paper Example So the companies from not only from corporate world but others like NGO’s, hospitals are looking forward for the perfect solution to equip with modern business processes like ERP solutions because it provides unlimited access to information and enable them to compete effectively. Some other factors that have a strong influence on the growing demand for ERP solutions are rapid increase in industrialization and increasing use of integrated legacy systems. Enterprise Resource Planning which was considered as the most critical in mid-90s when it was initially introduced has now capturing the IT market because of its effectiveness. Many companies like multinationals and having a complex and multi boundaries infrastructure are using ERP to manage effectively their records like effective resource planning, management control, and operational control. ERP is not just a piece of computer software in fact it provides a complete solution of every issue can be discussed in a company regar ding management. It has completely changed the businesses scenario that is a reason number of organizations and industries are operating it is increasing day by day. In fact research shows that many organizational performances have been improved after the deployment of ERP software solutions because it covers almost every aspect of management like resource planning, management control, and operational control. ERP is so much in demand that it holds a great set of solution for every business. ERP has brought some "Valuable Competence theory" in to the world of IT. There are different kinds of companies so the requirement for management of their resources can vary according to their nature of business. Like for production companies are the ones who require this solution the most, DHL or FEDEX are an example of this control their resources by using ERP. The interesting thing about these distribution companies is they just focus on their delivering what has been produced by others. Many public services organizations especially NGO’s and hospitals are also using the ERP solution for the effective management. A significant change has been seen in health care industry by the time which has forced the hospitals to follow latest technology trends like ERP solutions for better services to their patients along with making their investment worthy. Hospitals cannot follow traditional practices and technologies. They need to update their system in terms of latest technology usage and making information transfer faster to provide better services and to their patients. An overview of the hospital: The hospital which is in study is complete working on manual system. The hospital is operating with few departments before but now expanding its services as one of the leading hospitals of the city. The hospital has started dealing in many departments like Opening services in various departments like Internal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, Ca rdiac Surgery, Oncology, Radiology, General Surgery, Neuro Surgery and expanding its Laboratory along with a blood bank. Also the hospital is opening its services for outdoor patients too. And the patient can get the services from 9.00a.m to 5.00p.m in that department. So because of this the medical staff also increased. This enforces the management to deploy such an effective system which can effectively manages all the information and assist the

Health informatics Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Health informatics - Research Proposal Example The challenge is not only increased by the chances of errors in prescriptions resulting out of lack of clarity of the handwritten prescriptions, but also from the pharmacists losing the handwritten prescriptions in the shuffle process of issuing drugs (Beuscart-ZÃ ©phir, 2005). Thus, due to the lack of electronic systems that are able to track the movement of the prescription orders from the patient wards to the hospital pharmacy, the efficiency and accuracy of dispensing prescription drugs is adversely affected (Weant, Cook, & Armitstead, 2007). Computerized pharmacy order entry systems have been suggested as potential solutions to the challenges of inpatient drug prescribing errors (Roberts, et al., 2013). Computerized order entry by the prescribing physicians enables the patient’s drug prescriptions to be transmitted electronically from the physician departments to the pharmacy department of hospitals. The essence of the use of the computerized pharmacy order entry systems is to eliminate the handwritten order prescriptions being transmitted from the physicians to the pharmacists. The suggestion for the implementation of computerized pharmacy order management system is pegged on the premise that the automated system is advantageous both in cost-savings and also in drug prescription safety enhancement (Lai, Yokoyama, Louie & Lightwood, 2007). There is no doubt that the major impact of a computerized pharmacy order entry system is to improve the legibility of the prescription orders. This is in turn observed to be fu ndamental for eliminating the medication errors that arises out of wrong drugs issuance by pharmacists, following the ineligibility of the prescription orders. Lack of legibility of the handwritten pharmacy orders can result in the pharmacists dispensing the wrong and even potentially dangerous drugs to the patients (Troiano, 1999). The benefits associated with the automation of the pharmacy ordering process within

SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATION AS SYSTEMS, LIFECYCLE OF Essay

SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATION AS SYSTEMS, LIFECYCLE OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example Situational leadership is an innovative leadership style that would be analyzed in relation to Richard Lesser who is the present CEO of BCG. Paul Hersey had developed the situational leadership theory and was initially known as Life Cycle theory of leadership. The most important concept behind this theory is that there is no such leadership style which can be considered to be perfect or adopted by an individual. A leadership style can be stated as effective if it is task relevant. Those leaders are successful who are able to adapt leadership style to degree of maturity of their team. This quality is well observed in Richard Lesser who is the CEO of Boston Consulting Group. Figure1 represents various components of situational leadership. The different leadership styles are categorized into four segments such as telling, selling, participating and delegating. S1 represents telling and in this form there is one way communication as the leader guides the team on what is to be done. S2 is selling which encompasses socio-emotional support and this form of two way communication enables team members to be fully indulged into the process. S3 represents participating behavior that highlights shared decision making and the focus is shifted from task oriented approach to relationship oriented approach. S4 is delegating behavior in which the entire responsibility is on the team members and the leader gets involved only in decision making process and monitoring overall progress. The type of leadership style would be totally depending on the maturity level and competencies of the team members. Richard Lesser has greatly exercised all the different styles that has been outlined in Figure 1. The newly appointed consultants of the g roup are in direct guidance of Richard Lesser. He believes to educate all the new joiners properly so that they can work in collaboration with experienced candidates of the

PC SPECIFICATIONS TABLE Essay Example for Free

PC SPECIFICATIONS TABLE Essay An U.S. Army Colonel talked (use another word besides talked or restructure the sentence so that you won’t have to use the â€Å"talked†) about Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment issues at the SHARP (what is sharp?) training meeting. (I think this lede is a bit vague and boring) In the battle against sexual assault and sexual harassment Col Howard Covington continuously work in sending the message that we are failing in this matter. â€Å"Working together is what can provide continuity of care to the victims and make them feel that they are not left behind† said Col Harold Covington, an Executive officer. He also indicated that commanders are responsible to establish a command climate that is safe to Soldiers soldiers shouldn’t be capitalize and civilians alike through training and education. â€Å"Many people had been hurt and many soldiers have not been held responsible for their acts because commanders are failing to implement the â€Å"zero tolerance policy† and allowing climate of harassment to continue in their units† said CPT Jen Taylor, a U.S. Army IG advisor. We all have a responsibility to take action to change our culture to eliminate an â€Å"enemy that lies within our ranks† responded Col Covington . We need to demonstrate through our words and actions the importance in this matter. CW2 this isn’t a recognizable title maybe it should be spelled outMichael Dilts, an HR officer said that to protect the victims and re-ensure they are not re-victimized must be a first priority in every command â€Å"we have the option of geographically separate the victim and the alleged offender† the victim has the preference to request her/his preferences. He added. This is very confusing and shouldn’t be a sentence but maybe added to the previous sentence or add more attributions SFC Angel Keen, a logistician NCOIC said, â€Å"I’d seen cases where the victim doesn’t have this option because commander prioritizes the mission first and not the victim situation.† SFC Terry Brown said â€Å"many sex harassment situations don’t go forward because there is not witness or proof that incident occurred, basically end in her word again his words.† He added, Situations like this are hard to resolve because you don’t want to hurt an innocent or you don’t want a harasser be free (this should be in quotations and why is the situations capitalized?). Col Covington responded, â€Å"Reporting procedures are very important and every individual need to know them. We are failing because many individuals don’t know what to do in a case of sexual harassment or sexual assault.† We need to continuously send the message to everyone that we are not tolerating sexual acts and our policy is in practice. CPT Taylor said, â€Å"How can we help those victims that failed to report sexual incidents because they feel blamed and they think that nobody will believe them.† Cold Covington responded, â€Å"We need to keep sending the message to the victims that we are here for support and to fight against sexual assault and sexual harassment acts.† CW2 Michael Dilts said all soldiers most be treated properly and succeed in an environment that allow them to achieve their best potential. The Army’s SHARP policies apply to everyone regardless of the ranks, age, gender, and are sexual orientation neutral. â€Å"An individual’s sexual orientation is a personal and private matter† he added. Army’s policy on sexual harassment covers Family members and soldiers 24/7. Suggestive comments are unwelcome, unwanted and sexual in nature constitute sexual assault and is a crime. Col Covington said, â€Å"We need to stop the quid pro quo and eliminate the hostile environment in our Army.† If we don’t start working in these two areas, we won’t be able to protect our soldiers. Sexual Harassment is a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Complaints are processed IAW AR 690-600 and 29 CFR Part 1614. Physical contact such as  grouping and fondling constitutes sexual assault and is punishable under UCMJ, and other Federal and local civilian laws. (this isn’t a good closing paragraph and I think this should be towards the middle of this article)

Highland Tower Collapse and Ramp Construction

Highland Tower Collapse and Ramp Construction Introduction The purpose of this essay is to find out from a field, a building that experienced construction catastrophe, study its short comings and come up with solutions and recommendations of what could be done to ensure the same problem doesn’t happen in the future. The building upon which the research is based in this assignment is called the Highland tower, a building in Selangor Malaysia which collapsed and 48 people died and 12 others were evacuated from the other building. The Highland Towers collapse was an apartment building collapse that occurred on 11 December 1993 in Taman Hillview, Ulu Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. The collapse of Block One of the apartments caused the deaths of 48 people and led to the complete evacuation of the remaining two blocks due to safety concern. It was one of the most tragic building accidents in Malaysian history where residential towers collapsed and killed people. Since then, the government and its subsidiaries sat down in a committee to see a wa y forward for the construction industry especially construction in hilly areas to minimize casualties. The event has been widely publicized, when an American tourist in particular because it is captured in the next ten days and taken to the Tower of photos a dramatic sequence, and crazy rescue operations.       Building professionals with the case of several important influence in Malaysia, which will be the focus of this paper, but also lead to tort law in Malaysia interesting development and clarification. Case study Highland Towers consists of three 12-storey buildings in a steep hill, was later extensively on the terraces in the early 1980s in western base built in stages between 1974 to 1982. Each block is named: Block1 (built in 1977, the most southern) Block2 (built in 1979, north-west block 1, slightly elevated than the other two, the closer to the top of the hill) Block3 (built in 1981, the Northwest block 1, block West 2). Parking behind the mountain rain collapsed building in the swimming pool located on both sides and the rear between Northwest Northeast parking lot after the landslide caused by the failure of the retaining wall behind the building failed, for 10 days. The tower is home to the affluent middle-class families ; considerable proportion of residents are expatriates . Highland Tower was once notorious early 1980s and 1990s for wealthy people to hide their mistress popular place . The water tower is behind a small stream known as the East Creek . Eastern Creek flows into the tower site tower before construction. Later, build a pipeline system to divert flow to bypass the tower in 1991, a new housing development project, called Wu Antarabangsa Development Project , located in the tower Peak behind the start . As a result, the mountain has been cleared of trees and other vegetation and land cover, soil erosion exposed land, which will lead to land slides from the construction site of the w ater diverted into the river to divert the flow of the same East piping systems. eventually, the pipeline system to become over- pressurized water, sand and silt from the Eastern Creek and the construction site. pipe burst at different locations in the mountains, the soil had to absorb excess moisture . December 1993 monsoon rains further worsening the situation . (Block One of the Highland Towers collapsed) Role and responsibilities The Architect (I) there is no defense of this contact is a limited one, at least you must ensure that other aspects of the work of others is competent to complete. Defensive architect, he only retained the design and supervision of three apartment buildings, and denied that his range extends to the drainage, earthworks and retaining walls. It was dismissed by that court. The court held that the architect must take into account the building on which is built in the vicinity of the land, and the land itself, the safety assessment of the building, it must be evaluated. [In addition, the court held that as a matter of fact, the architect concerned about the neighborhood and the building itself, when he submitted the layout plan, the authorities because it includes high tower behind the slope terraces and drainage. Therefore, he must ensure that the work carried out although others in a competent and workmanlike manner] (Ii) there is no difference between the standard care of unqualified doctors Although the architect in reality just a building draftsman, measure their behavior on the court has the ability to architect a standard that if a person is unqualified, but showed himself to have a skill, he will be judged by the standard a competent and qualified staff. (C) there is no excuse to say that compulsory employer does not comply with regulations Finally, the Court seems to have flatly rejected the architects excuse that he can not do anything to stop his boss (employers and engineers in obtaining certificates of fitness in three apartment buildings do not fulfill the conditions stipulated by the local authorities in collusion background, instead of terraces and retaining walls to ensure proper design, provide and sufficient to withstand, even though he knew it would affect the building, he was in charge) slope instability the Court has made clear that, when the law is broken, the architect must report to the authorities after the architect must ensure that the law, even in the risk of being discharged. Engineer Defense engineer, he only retained the design and supervision of three apartment buildings, Highland Towers compound structures within two retaining walls, and submit plans, drainage, and two and denied his range extends to the drainage, earthworks. It was dismissed by that court. The court found that engineers must take into account the building on which is built in the vicinity of the land, and the land itself, the time to assess the safety of buildings, must be evaluated. He should ensure the stability of the slope behind Highland Towers. His duties not by a mere belief that they are built on terraced slopes and retaining walls were discharged by an engineer or other consultant. He should ask the professional is qualified, whether he was doing what impact the safety of cascading tower. [Neglect other aspects of engineers a serious violation of the authorities to take care of his responsibilities to a notification issued by the buyer, and only 10 percent is based on the approved drainage construction] In summary locations near building professionals need to be considered, as well as the safety assessment of the site itself, especially taking into account the adjacent hillside. Building professionals to participate in a limited range can not hide behind, these are the things that they themselves and their employers, but they may be subject to the duties owed to the scope of their service is not limited to this. Building professionals required to ensure that others do the work to engage them in the design may affect / supervisory structure is competent, workmanlike manner to carry out the work. If you think the general building professionals have expertise in a specific area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹eligibility when they are unqualified, their behavior will be a measure of this expertise qualified doctor. After building professionals must ensure that law and, if necessary to report to the authorities if their clients break the law, even in danger by their client to be discharged. Case application on law of tort Negligence The Highland Towers decision becomes another Malaysian High Court decision which diverges from the approach of the English Courts and adopts the approach taken by other Commonwealth jurisdictions in allowing the recovery of â€Å"pure economic loss†, especially where sufficient proximity can be demonstrated between the negligent act and the loss. Pure economic loss is the loss related to the product itself which is defective by reason of negligence, as opposed to the loss or damage caused to the property of the Plaintiff by this defective product. Nuisance In this cause of action, a Defendant is liable if the Plaintiff can show the Defendant is responsible for a condition or activity which interferes with use or enjoyment of his land, and that condition or activity is not a reasonable user by the Defendant. The Highland Towers decision, requiring the plaintiff must establish an additional requirement that is the type of damage whether the defendant could reasonably foreseeable, the principles adopted from English case law on the extension of the disturbance is limited in Malaysia, Cambridge Water Company leather Co. Ltd. v. Eastern European countries. Cause of structural failure The water tower is behind a small stream known as the East Creek . Eastern Creek flows into the tower site tower before construction, so the establishment of the pipeline system is to divert the flow to bypass the tower. In 1991, a new housing development project, called Bukit Antarabangsa Development Project, located in the tower under construction behind the top of the hill . The mountain is cleared of trees and other vegetation and land cover, land exposed soil erosion is a major factor causing landslides. Construction site of the new water diverted into the existing pipeline systems used to transfer the East river flows. This heavy-duty piping and water, sand and silt from the river and east into the pipeline construction site . Pipes burst, several places in the mountains, and the surrounding soil to absorb excess moisture . December 1993 monsoon rains further deterioration of the situation . The water content in the soil becomes super saturated, so that the soil has become viscous, actually become the degree of clay. October 1992 by the hillside is saturated with water, the water is flowing down the slopes and considered retaining walls . Shortly thereafter, landslides, destroying the construction of a retaining wall. Landslide mud that contains an estimated one hundred thousand square meters a mass equivalent to 200 Boeing 747 aircraft. Rammed earth base to first, gradually pushing it forward. After a month of this constant pressure, foundations snapped and November 1993, the residents began to see cracks forming and expanding the highlands surrounding the tower, on the road warning of collapse. Unfortunately, no further investigation before a collapse December 11, 1993. Safety authorities and Investigation procedures. These were the findings of the investigation that came from the accident. Also indicating who was to blame for the occurrence of the accident. Within the first 24 hours, only two women and an infant were pulled out of the rubble. Indonesian maid Umi Rashidah Khoruman, 22, and her 18-month old daughter Nur Hamidah Najib, survived the ordeal, but the second woman, Japanese national Shizue Nakajima, 50, succumbed to her injuries. Final report from the investigations showed that It was the fault of the property owners not to drain the land that caused the silt to build and thus the massive land slide that led to the collapse of the structure that claimed 48 lives. Liabilities. The following are the court s findings of liability : The first defendant was negligent in assuming responsibility not to engage a qualified architect, building terraces insufficient, inadequate, could reasonably be expected to have caused the collapse of the retaining walls and drains eastward diversion from its natural course and failed to ensure that the slope is adequate water pipe culverts, and hate not maintained drains and retaining walls . The second defendant ( the architect ) is assumed liability for negligence does not ensure adequate drainage and retaining walls built in the adjacent highlands tower site, which he foresaw or should have foreseen that the building would endanger the hillside, he is responsible for, not specified with the authorities on drainage, and the first defendant and the third defendant ( engineers ) collude to get fitness certificate does not fulfill the conditions by the fourth defendant ( local authorities ) are required, in doing so does not comply with his duties, the architect and no investigation retaining walls, even though he knew they would affect the terraced hillsides and construction of buildings, he was responsible for, and hate, because he is an unreasonable land users . The third defendant ( engineer ) is behind the negligence of responsibility without considering the hillside or slope of the tower, there is no basis for the design and construction to accommodate lateral load or alternatively landslide has ensured that the adjacent slope stability, without implementation of the approved drainage plan, and the first and second defendants colluded to get fitness certificate does not fulfill the conditions stipulated by the fourth defendant and a nuisance, because he is irrational use of land. The fourth defendant ( local authorities ) Although the negligence of its construction-related jobs. That is about the building plan approval process to ensure the implementation of the approved construction of drainage systems, and in the Certificate of Fitness problem remains because S95 Street, Drainage and Building Act (2 ) immunity. The fourth defendant, but a maintenance function Eastern stream late in fulfilling its construction can not be spared for its negligence . It also attracted a nuisance liability . The fifth defendant ( Arab Malaysian financial BHD) is liable for the negligence of failure to maintain drains their land, and in the land after the collapse of the measures taken to restore stability . Seventh defendant (Metrolux property ) and its project manager, the eighth defendant, who is the responsibility of negligence and nuisance, to prevent water from flowing into the downhill ( into their website ), but to guide the stream of water into the East, when they knew or ought to have known, this will increase the amount of water injected into the mud and, in particular, have their own extensive land clearing, go east into the stream, it will be deposited, which will in turn ( to prove ) cause or contribute to drainage fault system and a collapse. The ninth and tenth defendant ( basically the state government ), found no liability due to a technical problem on the prosecution of a particular political party. The sixth defendant ( who carried out the work site clean- Arab abortion buyer of land in Malaysia ) found no evidence of responsibility . Remedies About remedies the first this is find a qualified contractors and qualified Designer and construction engineer. In this case causes of building collapse the main reason is to find designer contractor caused by the irrational. So we summary have five points: (i) Nearby locations building professionals need to be considered, as well as the safety assessment of the site itself, especially taking into account the adjacent hillside. (Ii) building professionals to participate in a limited range can not hide behind, these are things that they themselves and their employers, but they may be subject to the duties owed to the scope of their service is not limited to this. (Iii) building professionals required to ensure that others do the work may be engaged to supervise their influence in the design / construction is competent, will carry out their work, a workmanlike manner. (Iv) if the building professionals think they have expertise in specific areas when they are unqualified, their behavior will be a measure of this general qualifications expertise qualified doctor. (V) construction professionals must ensure that the law after a report to the authorities if necessary, if their clients break the law, even in danger by their client to be discharged. The second thing to do is to ensure that the experience and expertise to this project. Next to it is to ensure that all materials and components to be installed and used in order to test its functionality and satisfactory compliance with the required standards. For example; specific laboratory tests should be taken before using compressive strength, stability and durability. Finally, before any part of the project is complete, responsible for the approval before its next regulatory bodies should be. The project is a model for all the items necessary tests, carried out before the actual implementation. Engineers can also use the cause of the weather and other aspects of the model. The third thing is because this situation has occurred for many years, although the court has not yet made the decision, but still want to remind contractors, who together oversee project quality, and how to resolve some of the risk around. Do not let the tragedy happen again. Percentage Frequency of Causes of Building Collapse(Malaysia 1960-2010) So in this table we can see Causes of Building Collapse most reason is Inexperience contractor. Now we need clean know find an experienced contractor is very important, faulty design and due to surrounding building development also account for a large proportion. Recommendations From the above analysis and discussion presented, you can infer that the main reason for the buildings structural failures, design errors and poor workmanship, which may also be applicable to other countries in the world . Also from the results of this study,it is believed that there are three types of claims, can produce any buildings collapsed, that contract claims, tort claims and incidents of both contract and tort claims ; This means that a party can be made in this both his / her request. Therefore, the following recommendations for who had suffered losses in the square building collapse Events so that their requirements: (i) The Government shall endeavor to assist in the investigation of any incidence of building collapse, to allow victims to know the responsible party, and from whom to make a claim . (ii) The Government should assist owners or who have suffered the loss of a building collapse in the event a third party to prosecute their cases in court as they do their other requirements, if they can not, because The expensive nature of the proceedings. (iii) The Government should enact laws that will improve the effectiveness and standards for the construction of buildings. (iv) In addition, the government should monitor, manage and enforce the law, its effectiveness. (v) Every building owner should ensure that qualified professionals and experienced contractors are engaged in carrying out their construction process . (vi) Every professional body should monitor their members and also be ready to penalize any erring member who ISS found liable in building collapse incident. Conclusion Ramp construction led to landslides like we definitely hear a lot of news, and landslides claimed more and more of life events, why is everywhere and felling of trees for the construction of the activities. Otherwise, this tragedy 21 years ago can be avoided! I hope the Government will seriously look at this issue! REFERENCES http://malaysiafactbook.com/Highland_Towers_collapse http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/i-saw-highland-towers-block-crash-to-

Mechanisms of the Mind Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Mechanisms of the Mind The human brain can be seen as one of nature's finest miracle. An object that weights merely three pounds is responsible for how we perceive reality, feel emotions, remember events and learn new things. For the past two decades, scientists and researchers have explored this hot field of neuroscience in hopes of finding some answers to how something so small is able to hold a lifetime of information. How exactly does the human brain retain experiences, thoughts, and memories? The answer to this has yet to be discovered. From the time I was young, I have always been fascinated about the processes of the brain and how the mind is able to remember and recollect memories. For almost two years now, I have been fortunate enough to be able to observe the actions and development of my little sister Michelle. From infant to toddler, I have observed the how the brain constantly refines her motor and hand-eye coordination skills. From her first words to her half Burmese/half Chinese complete sentences it is amazing to be able to watch her master difficult tasks such as learning a language, not to mention two languages, at the same time. How is it that she remembers to differentiate between the language she chooses to speak and the person to whom she is speaking? For example, when she talks with my grandmother, she seems to know to speak only Chinese or Burmese so she will understand. But when she speaks to my brother in Chinese and he doesn't respond, she will repeat it in Burmese or English. One instance of this I observed just recently. Ever since Michelle was little, she has been fascinated with computers and would ask us to show her the picture images saved onto the computer. But when my brother came ho... ...since. In which case, patients become prisoners of their past. Yet they can still learn new skills such as playing bridge and improve their playing skills each time they play, although they will think it is their first time playing the game. This suggests that the memory of skill development is controlled by a different part of the brain. The human brain is something to be marveled at. It is incredible to imagine that an object that consists of billions of neural connections and is made up of three pounds of brain cells is responsible for how we perceive reality, feel emotions, remember events and learn new things. Most of who we are lies inside this small organ which sits on top of our heads. Understanding how the mind retains a lifetime's worth of memories is still one of the toughest problems in biology. Internet Sources: http://www.chronicle.duke.edu/ Mechanisms of the Mind Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers Mechanisms of the Mind The human brain can be seen as one of nature's finest miracle. An object that weights merely three pounds is responsible for how we perceive reality, feel emotions, remember events and learn new things. For the past two decades, scientists and researchers have explored this hot field of neuroscience in hopes of finding some answers to how something so small is able to hold a lifetime of information. How exactly does the human brain retain experiences, thoughts, and memories? The answer to this has yet to be discovered. From the time I was young, I have always been fascinated about the processes of the brain and how the mind is able to remember and recollect memories. For almost two years now, I have been fortunate enough to be able to observe the actions and development of my little sister Michelle. From infant to toddler, I have observed the how the brain constantly refines her motor and hand-eye coordination skills. From her first words to her half Burmese/half Chinese complete sentences it is amazing to be able to watch her master difficult tasks such as learning a language, not to mention two languages, at the same time. How is it that she remembers to differentiate between the language she chooses to speak and the person to whom she is speaking? For example, when she talks with my grandmother, she seems to know to speak only Chinese or Burmese so she will understand. But when she speaks to my brother in Chinese and he doesn't respond, she will repeat it in Burmese or English. One instance of this I observed just recently. Ever since Michelle was little, she has been fascinated with computers and would ask us to show her the picture images saved onto the computer. But when my brother came ho... ...since. In which case, patients become prisoners of their past. Yet they can still learn new skills such as playing bridge and improve their playing skills each time they play, although they will think it is their first time playing the game. This suggests that the memory of skill development is controlled by a different part of the brain. The human brain is something to be marveled at. It is incredible to imagine that an object that consists of billions of neural connections and is made up of three pounds of brain cells is responsible for how we perceive reality, feel emotions, remember events and learn new things. Most of who we are lies inside this small organ which sits on top of our heads. Understanding how the mind retains a lifetime's worth of memories is still one of the toughest problems in biology. Internet Sources: http://www.chronicle.duke.edu/

Hemingway :: Hemingway Postmodernism Essays

Hemingway [1] Postmodernist discourses are often exclusionary even when, having been accused of lacking concrete relevance, they call attention to and appropriate the experience of "difference" and "otherness" in order to provide themselves with oppositional political meaning, legitimacy, and immediacy. Very few African-American intellectuals have talked or written about postmodernism. Recently at a dinner party, I talked about trying to grapple with the significance of postmodernism for contemporary black experience. It was one of those social gatherings where only one other black person was present. The setting quickly became a field of contestation. I was told by the other black person that I was wasting my time, that "this stuff does not relate in any way to what's happening with black people." Speaking in the presence of a group of white onlookers, staring at us as though this encounter was staged for their benefit, we engaged in a passionate discussion about black experience. Apparently, no one sympathized with my insistence that racism is perpetuated when blackness is associated solely with concrete gut level experience conceived either as opposing or having no connection to abstract thinking and the production of critical theory. The idea that there is no meaningful connection between black experience and critical thinking about aesthetics or culture must be continually interrogated. [2] My defense of postmodernism and its relevance to black folks sounded good but I worried that I lacked conviction, largely because I approach the subject cautiously and with suspicion. Disturbed not so much by the "sense" of postmodernism but by the conventional language used when it is written or talked about and by those who speak it, I find myself on the outside of the discourse looking in. As a discursive practice it is dominated primarily by the voices of white male intellectuals and/or academic elites who speak to and about one another with coded familiarity. Reading and studying their writing to understand postmodernism in its multiple manifestations, I appreciate it but feel little inclination to ally myself with the academic hierarchy and exclusivity pervasive in the movement today. [3] Critical of most writing on postmodernism, I perhaps am more conscious of the way in which the focus on "otherness and difference" that is often alluded to in these works seems to have little concrete impact as an analysis or standpoint that might change the nature and direction of postmodernist theory. Since much of this theory has

The Holy Bible :: essays research papers

Our Children Children are the offspring born to a husband and wife in marriage relationship. To the Hebrews, children were considered gifts from God, and to be childless was considered a reproach; 'And after those days his wife Elisabeth conceived, and hid herself five months, saying, Thus hath the Lord dealt with me in the days wherein he looked on me, to take away my reproach among men'; (Luke 1:25). Jesus clearly expressed his love and respect for the children; 'And he took a child, and set him in the midst of them: and when he had taken him in his arms, he said unto them, Whosoever shall receive one of such children in my name, receiveth me: and whosoever shall receive me, receiveth not me, but him that sent me'; (Mark 9:36-37). How far have we strayed from the will of God? How many of us can would give anything close to the above definition if asked to define children. The culture is all around us but it should not be all in us. If our children were gifts from God in which we are to have an expressed love and respect, how would we raise our gifts? How many gifts would we ask of the Lord? Would we Plan our lives with as few gifts as possible so that we could spend more time building careers and acquiring worldly gain? Would we say when confronted with the culture's attitude on rejecting God's gifts, I would not reject God's gift but it is a personal choice? Who of us would say to those receiving a gift from God, I would cherish the gift from God but for I respect the rights of others? When the rights of other fly in the face of what God has said we must stand on the word of God and if need be take up our cross. Standing for righteousness will put us at odds with the culture. Being lights of Holiness in the darkness of this culture is exactly what Jesus was revealing when He spoke to the disciples; 'And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me'; (Luke 9:23).

Studies Related To Teaching Competency Education Essay

Aggarwal ( 1969 ) conducted a survey on measuring of competency of instructors of primary schools of M.P. the survey revealed ( I ) more than 53 % of instructors were non intelligent plenty to be instructors and intelligence was significantly and positively related to capable cognition ( r= 0.42 ) ( two ) out of entire primary instructors 52.6 % did non like learning profession and their attitude was significantly related to competences of schoolroom instruction and ( three ) 70 % of the instructors passed in the 3rd division and about 50 % instructors did non possess equal cognition of topic to be able to learn competent. George and Anand ( 1980 ) studied the consequence of microteaching on learning self- construct and learning competency of pupil instructors. The chief findings of the survey were ( I ) There was important difference between the pre- trial and post- trial mean learning self concept tonss of the control group of pupil instructors. ( two ) There was important difference between the pre- trial and post- trial mean learning self concept tonss of the experimental group of pupil instructors. ( three ) There was important difference between the average addition tonss in learning competency of the control group and experimental group of pupil instructors. ( four ) Micro- instruction facilitated the sweetening of the learning ego construct of pupil instructors. ( V ) Micro learning proved effectual in bettering the learning competency of pupil instructors. ( six ) Micro- instruction intervention followed by summated scheme of integrating of learning accomplishments was found superior to micro learning intervention based on independent learning accomplishments in bettering the learning competency of pupil instructors. Passi and Sharma ( 1982 ) studied learning competences of secondary school instructors in Indore. The findings of survey showed that ( I ) the competences identified were- giving assignments, loud reading, utilizing chalkboard, utilizing support, tempo, avoiding repeat, consolidating the lesson, covering with pupil responses, bettering students ‘ behaviour, audibleness, utilizing secondary support, acknowledging students ‘ go toing behaviour, showing verbal manner and switching centripetal channel. ( two ) male and female instructors did non differ in competence. There was a important negative correlativity between the self perceptual experience of linguistic communication instructors and learning competence. ( three ) there was a important positive relationship between instructors ‘ instruction competence and liking of their students of their instruction behavior. Patel ( 1984 ) found that interactions with co-workers could better learning competence. His survey involved eight scientific discipline instructors spread over a period of six months and noted that the treatments and counsel from co-workers resulted in 11 % addition in the capacity for presentation and capacity for co- ordination of different learning accomplishments, in ability and wont of utilizing audio- ocular AIDSs for effectual instruction and addition in involvement in practical and written work of the student, and a 10 % addition in cognition of content. Prakasham ( 1988 ) studied the instructor effectivity as a map of school organisational clime and instruction competence and found that ( I ) The unfastened school organisational clime positively affected both the instruction competence every bit good as instructor effectivity. ( two ) Teachers of urban schools significantly excelled over instructors employed either in semi- urban and rural schools or schools located in industrial countries on both learning competence and instructor effectivity. ( three ) Females scored constantly higher with and undistinguished difference in all types of schools ; categorizes in footings of district, direction type and organisational clime. ( four ) There existed a important relationship between learning competence and instructor effectivity. Rajguru ( 1988 ) conducted a survey of the function of schoolmasters of cardinal schools and primary corporation schools to propose redresss to better their competences. He found that ( I ) 64.5 % instructors were cognizant of their functions. ( two ) 28 schoolmasters said that they observed 90.3 % of lesson and arranged theoretical account lessons besides. ( three ) Central schools schoolmasters guided the primary school schoolmasters in their work and besides visited them on a regular basis. ( four ) They besides arranged seminars and workshops. However, they were non satisfied with the lesson observation work. This work was evaluated by the supervisor but there was no cooperation between them. ( V ) Each cardinal school schoolmasters had to work for 45 hours in a hebdomad. Teaching was for 12 hours, lesson observation for 18 hours and 25 hours for other activities. Choudhary ( 1990 ) investigated the relationship of the learning competences of 178 secondary school instructors with the student accomplishment. Teachers ‘ manner of structuring inquiries was of import in act uponing students ‘ wishing for instructors. Their instruction was observed on at least four separate occasions during 3 months of learning in schools. No important positive relationship was found between the positive attitude towards general pedagogical principals and any of the instruction competence. A hebdomad negative relationship was obtained between instructors ‘ attitude and relationship with kids. It was suggested that the fosterage of positive attitudes in pre- service instruction, pupil instructors towards general pedagogical rules, on the footing of patterns aimed at heightening students ‘ academic accomplishment might consequences in lower quality instruction because of its inauspicious consequence on pupil- instructors relationship. Bassi and Kaur ( 1991 ) conducted a survey of the learning competence of linguistic communication instructors in relation to their job- satisfaction, venue of control and professional burnout. He found that ( I ) Language instructors had a moderate sense of personal achievement and success, and so they did non see any professional burnout. ( two ) There was no difference between the instruction competence and occupation satisfaction of the instructors on the footing of venue of control. ( three ) Female instructors, urban school linguistic communication instructors were found more externally controlled and satisfied with their occupations than the rural and high school linguistic communication instructors. ( four ) There existed a positive correlativity between the step of occupation satisfaction and the standard steps of learning competence, professional burnout variables and standard steps of learning competence. Thiagarajan et. Al. ( 1995 ) studied the relationship between instructor competence as perceived by pupils and accomplishment in Economics as a map of sex. Findingss revealed a important correlativity between learning competence and accomplishment. The magnitude of correlativity was different in male childs and misss. Kaushal ( 2001 ) while analyzing the effectivity of schoolroom oppugning behavior preparation on a sample of 40 pupil instructors which every bit measured in footings of alteration in the schoolroom oppugning behaviour of pupil instructors and sweetening in learning competency reported that CQBT helps in heightening the learning competence of pupil instructors of experimental group as compared to command group of pupil instructors. Farah ( 2002 ) studied in his comparative survey of learning competences of the instructors trained through the formal system of instruction and those through the distance instruction system. The findings indicate that there is no important difference between the cognition and attitudes of instructors trained through distance manner and those trained through the formal system terminal there is a important relationship between the attitudes and accomplishments of instructors. Pushpam and Sourdarajan ( 2004 ) conducted a survey of learning competence of secondary school instructors and found that ( I ) instructors working in assisted and matriculation schools have better learning competence than instructors working in govt. and corporation schools. ( two ) The learning competence of more experient instructors is better than the teaching competence of less experient. ( three ) Aged and high income govt. instructors have better instruction competence. ( four ) Private unaided school instructors have better instruction competence and station alumnus have better learning competence than the alumnus instructors. ( V ) Permanent instructors show better learning competence than impermanent instructors. ( six ) Teachers with high income have better learning competence than instructors with low income. ( seven ) No difference was found between rural and urban school instructors sing their instruction competence. ( eight ) Positive attitude of instructors towards le arning profession, occupation satisfaction of instructors and intelligence of pupils increase the learning competences of secondary school instructors. Shokeen ( 2006 ) studied the consequence of schoolroom oppugning behavior preparation on learning competence of pupil instructors and their ego construct and found that the experimental group pupil instructors asked more inquiries in their schoolroom as compared to the control group. The CQBT was found to be a better scheme than the conventional programme, of pupil instruction as learning competence of pupil instructors was enhanced after CQBT. It was besides found that CQBT was non merely effectual in bettering the schoolroom oppugning behaviour of pupil instructors, but it besides helps in bettering their ego construct. The overall appraisal points towards the ultimate effectivity of CQBT and it provides a theoretical account for proof of instructor. Smriti ( 2008 ) conducted a survey of creativeness in relation to learning competence of B.Ed. pupils and found that ( I ) There is no important difference between the creativeness of B.Ed. pupils belonging to rural and urban background. Therefore it is concluded that creativeness is non being affected by country or part. ( two ) There is no important difference between the creativeness of male and female B.Ed. pupils. Hence creativeness is non being affected by gender. ( three ) There is no important difference between the creativeness of B.Ed. pupils belonging to scientific discipline and humanistic disciplines watercourse. Therefore it is concluded that creativeness is non being affected by topics studied by pupils. ( four ) There is positive correlativity between creativeness and learning competence of B.Ed. pupils. Augustine, J. ( 2010 ) studied the ‘Teaching Aptitude, Competency, Academic background and Achievement in Educational Psychology of Student- instructors in the college of instruction. ‘ A sample of 200 pupil instructors selected from 5 colleges of instruction in Kottayam Revenue territory of Kerala was used. The findings of the survey showed that ( I ) There is important positive relationship between learning competence and learning aptitude of pupil instructors. ( two ) There is no consistent positive relationship between academic background and learning aptitude of pupil instructors. ( three ) There is no important positive relationship between learning aptitude and accomplishment in educational psychological science. Khatoon, Azeem and Akhtar ( 2011 ) studied the impact of different factors on learning competences at secondary degree in Pakistan. The survey investigated in to a descriptive research to critically reexamine of the impact of different factors on learning competences at secondary degree. The survey has defined female school instructor ‘s socio cultural jobs and environmental jobs.The chief aims of the survey were to happen out the female school instructors, socio cultural jobs, and Environment jobs and to mensurate the instruction competence of instructors by relationship between instructors and pupils. The undermentioned consequences were drawn by the research worker in the visible radiation of the analysis of the information. The largely households are in favours of female instructor ‘s occupation. The consequence proves that the female save the clip for domestic work due to hold half twenty-four hours occupation. The consequence proves that professional green-eyed mons ter is everyplace and largely it effects on their instruction competence. Kavita ( 2011 ) studied the consequence of schoolroom oppugning behavior preparation on learning competence of pupil instructors, attitude towards learning and their ego construct. A close analysis of the consequences indicates that the CQBT was found to be better scheme, than the conventional programme, of pupil instruction as learning competency of pupil instructors was enhanced after CQBT. It was besides found that CQBT was non merely effectual in bettering the schoolroom inquiring of pupil instructors, but it besides helps in bettering their ego construct. The overall appraisal points towards the ultimate effectivity of CQBT and it provides a theoretical account for proof of instructor. Pawar, I.A. ( 2011 ) studied the ‘Impact of Teacher Training on Teacher Competencies ‘ . The findings of the survey showed that ( I ) There is no important difference between the average tonss on instructor competences graduated table of instructors who have trained through conventional and that of those instructors who have done instructor preparation through distance instruction manner in footings of their cognition and attitude. ( two ) There is no important difference between the average tonss on instructor competences graduated table of male and female instructors who have trained through conventional every bit good as distance manner.Surveies related to Psychological Capital:Luthans and Youssef ( 2004 ) found that Authentic leaders ‘ assurance, hope and optimism roots from their strong beliefs in themselves, in their positive psychological capital and in doing clear to associates precisely what they need from them in order to accomplish sustainable growing and public presentation at single, squad, and/or organisational degrees. Such leaders besides recognize that they have failings, which they work to suit by environing themselves with highly capable followings and constructing an inclusive and engaged positive organisational context. Such contexts support followings for being actively involved in executing their occupation functions and duties, every bit good as in lending to the leader ‘s ain development. Lifeng, Z. ( 2007 ) studied the ‘Effects of Psychological Capital on Emplyoees ‘ occupation public presentation, organizational committedness and organisational citizenship behaviour. ‘ The consequence of the survey showed that after commanding for the demographic variables ( gender and age ) , emplyoees ‘ hope, optimism and resilience individually had positive impacts on their occupation public presentation, organisational committedness and organisational behaviour. Employees ‘ psychological capital ( a combined concept of hope, optimism and resilience ) had positive impacts on their occupation public presentation, organisational committedness and organisational citizenship behaviour. To sum up, this survey through empirical observation tested the positive relationship between psychological capital employees ‘ results. The research consequences indicated psychological capital had positive impacts on employees ‘ public presentation. Luthans, Norman, Avolio, et.al. , ( 2008 ) conducted a survey on ‘ The mediating function of psychoogical capital in the supportive organisational climate- employee public presentation relationship. ‘ The survey investigates whether the late emerging nucleus concept of positive psychological capital ( dwelling os hope, resiliency, optimism and efficaciousness ) plays s function in interceding the effects of a supportive organisational clime with employee results. Using 3 diverse samples, consequences shows that employees ‘ psychological capital is positively related to their public presentation, satisfaction, committedness and a supportive clime is related to employees ‘ satisfaction and committedness. Avey, Luthans and Youssef ( 2008 ) studied ‘The Additive Value of Positive Psychological Capital in Predicting Work Attitudes and Behaviors ‘ . This survey of a sample of employees ( N=336 ) from a wide cross subdivision of organisations and occupations found that their state-like psychological capital is positively related to desired extra-role organisational citizenship behaviours ( OCBs ) and negatively with unsought organisational cynicism, purposes to discontinue and counterproductive workplace behaviours. Except for single OCBs, their psychological capital besides predicted alone discrepancy in the same attitudinal and behavioural results beyond their demographics, nucleus self-evaluation, and personality traits, and person-organization tantrum and person-job tantrum. Avey, Luthans and Jensen ( 2009 ) studied the Psychological Capital: A Positive Resource for Combating Employees Stress and Turnover. The findings of the survey were ( I ) There was negative relationship between positive psychological capital and emphasis symptoms. ( two ) There was negative relationship between psychological capital and purposes to discontinue and occupation hunt behaviours severally. ( three ) Symptoms of emphasis would partly intercede the relationship between the psychological capital and both purposes to discontinue and occupation hunt behaviours. Mathur and Tiwari ( 2011 ) studied the Positive Psychology Capital, E.Q. , and S.Q. as determiner of subjective well-being in executive adult females and found that subjective well being is every bit and strongly influenced by several factors but the major 1s include positive psychological capital, E.Q. and S.Q. It is apprehensible that individuals who have properties of positive psychological capital, E.Q. and S.Q. can successfully get by with emphasiss of life and such emphasiss are perceived as chances instead than challenges. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that Psychological Capital, Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence play a important function in the care of Subjective Well Being in executive adult females. It can be indirectly assumed that these adult females must besides be really high on self- efficaciousness, resiliency, optimism and hope. Ravindranath ( 2011 ) explained the Life accomplishments as an attack in psychological capital in life and work scenes. He discussed that an intercession like life accomplishment s preparation are comprehensive including assorted countries like thought, behaviour and emotions. The concluding marks being self- consciousness, self- regard and accepting of others. In an person, life accomplishments develop over the old ages continuously in an active mode. There are many accomplishments, which are needed to successfully negociate each and every interaction. Expected learning results include a combination of cognition, values, attitudes and accomplishments with a peculiar accent on those accomplishments that are related to critical thought, and job resolution, self direction and communicating and inter- personal accomplishments. Further more life accomplishments evolved as a consequence of mental well being and wellness, so life accomplishments can be considered as an intercession scheme in positive psychological science and wellness. Kaur ( 2012 ) studied the occupation satisfaction of secondary school instructors in relation to psychological capital. She found that ( I ) there was negative negligible relationship between occupation satisfaction and psychological capital of secondary school instructors. ( two ) There was negative negligible relationship between occupation satisfaction and psychological capital of govt. secondary school instructors. ( three ) There was negative negligible relationship between occupation satisfaction and psychological capital of private secondary school instructors. ( four ) There was negative negligible relationship between occupation satisfaction and psychological capital of male secondary school instructors. ( V ) There was negative negligible relationship between occupation satisfaction and psychological capital of female secondary school instructors.Surveies Related to Religious Intelligence:Vaughan ( 2002 ) discussed that Spiritual intelligence is concerned with the interior life of head and spirit and its relationship with being in the universe. Religious intelligence implies a capacity for a deep apprehension of experiential inquiries and an penetration into multiple degrees of consciousness. Religious intelligence besides implies consciousness of spirit as the land of being or as the originative life force of development. If the development of life from stardust to mineral, veggie, animate being, and human being implies some signifier of intelligence instead than being a strictly random procedure, it might be called religious. Religious intelligence emerges as consciousness evolves into an ever-deepening consciousness of affair, life, organic structure, head, psyche, and spirit. Religious intelligence, so, is more than single mental ability. It appears to link the personal to the transpersonal and the ego to spirit. It goes beyond conventional psychological development. In add-on to self-awareness, it implies consciousness of our relationship to the transcendent, to each other, to the Earth and all existences. As a clinical psychologist, he farther explains that †spiritual intelligence opens the bosom, illuminates the head, and inspires the psyche, linking the single human mind to the underlying land of being. Religious intelligence can be developed with pattern and can assist a individual distinguish world from semblance. It may be expressed in any civilization as love, wisdom, and service. † Mahajan ( 2011 ) studied the Academic Achievement in relation to Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence. A sample of 140 pupils analyzing in category Eleven from four schools of Hoshiarpur was taken for the aggregation of informations. The technique employed was multistage randomisation of bunchs at school and subdivision degree. B- Variate coefficients and t- ratios were used to analyze the information. The findings were- ( I ) There exists no important difference between the emotional intelligence of male childs and misss. ( two ) There exists no important difference between the religious intelligence of male childs and misss. ( three ) There exists positive and important relationship between academic accomplishment and emotional intelligence of male childs and misss. Besides the relationship was found positive and important for male childs and misss individually. ( four ) There exists positive and important relationship between academic accomplishment and Religious Inte lligence of male childs and misss. Besides the relationship was found positive and important for male childs and misss individually. ( V ) There exists positive and important relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence of male childs and misss. Jeloudar and Goodarzi ( 2012 ) examined the relationship between instructors religious intelligent and their occupation satisfaction index at senior secondary schools degree. Participants were 177 pedagogues who completed the religious Intelligence Scale ( ECI ) , and a version of the Job Descriptive Index is a graduated table used to mensurate six major factors associated with occupation satisfaction based on a selected demographic variable. The findings of the survey showed that there were important relationship between instructors ‘ religious intelligence and their occupation satisfaction. The survey besides revealed that there was important difference found between instructors ‘ religious intelligence and their academic degrees. Further there were important relationship was found between instructors ‘ religious intelligence and five factors of occupation satisfaction: ( nature of the work itself, attitudes towards supervisors, dealingss with colleagues, chances for publicity, work status in the present environment ) , but no important relationship with one factor ( salary and benefit ) of occupation satisfaction. Rastgar, Davoudi and Oraji ( 2012 ) conducted a survey in Mazandaran, a state in North of Iran, and aimed to analyse the function of emplyoees ‘ religious intelligence in perceptual experience of organisational justness. There were 1100 forces in Mellat bank. A sum of 366 questionnaire were distributed among the bank forces and 288 filled questionnaires were returned. The factor analysis and findings show that emplyoees ‘ religious intelligence has a important positive influence on perceptual experience of organisational justness. This determination implied that the higher the degree of emplyoees ‘ religious intelligence, tended to increase the degree of employees ; perceptual experience of organisational justness.